EDUCATION

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators and also learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy. Formal education is commonly divided formally into such stages as preschool or kindergarten, primary school, secondary school and then college, university, or apprenticeship.

From the two images, we know that there are significant differences. Whether it's from facilities, how to learn, and the quality of education. From the first picture, education in the picture is only found in developed and developing countries. Education has adequate facilities, a comfortable and clean place to study, there are laboratories for practicums, and other supporting facilities. The quality of education and teaching and learning is also quite qualified. The selected teachers are also intelligent and innovative people. No wonder the results of education in the first picture are people who have a bright future, have good skills in their fields, even become experts.

How about second picture? We know that this education is found in developing or even underdeveloped countries. Education facilities are very minimal. Some of the teaching staff are volunteers, and some of them are not qualified. Sometimes they study in open spaces because the school roof is almost collapsing, healthy food as a support for education is also less nutritious. So it is not surprising that the results of the education are very minimal with great people and experts. At least these children get basic education for community.

Education is important. Education provides us with knowledge about the world. It paves the way for a good career. It helps build character. It leads to enlightenment. It lays the foundation of a stronger nation. Education makes a man complete. Kautilya, an Indian philosopher, royal adviser, and professor of economics and political science very rightly underlined the importance of education, some 2000 years ago. He has highlighted the fact that education enriches people's understanding of themselves. He has said that education is an investment in human capital, and it can have a great impact on a nation's growth and development.

Education paves the path to disillusionment. It wipes out the wrong beliefs from our minds. It helps create a clear picture of things around, and erases all the confusion. It kindles the flame of curiosity and helps awaken the abilities to question, and to reason. The more we learn, the more questions we have, and without questions, there are no answers. Education teaches us to find answers. It makes us more self-aware. It leads us to enlightenment.

A direct effect of education is knowledge gain. Education gives us knowledge of the world around. It develops in us a perspective of looking at life. It helps us form opinions and develop a point of view. The information we are constantly bombarded with, cannot be converted into knowledge without the catalyst called education. Education makes us capable of interpreting things rightly and applying the gathered information in real-life scenarios. Education is not limited to lessons from textbooks. Real education is obtained from the lessons taught by life.

And what can we do to make the future better for all children? Start with yourself. Educating ourselves as best we can, enriching our knowledge through real experiences, not only experiences while studying in class. Because if we want to educate others, we must deepen our education with good and useful knowledge. If we succeed in deepening our knowledge, we can become teachers for these children, provide training, provide our experience, hold workshops for them, and others. We can also contribute through donations for school facilities, and healthy food for these children. We can also invite friends or even teaching staff who are good at teaching in areas that are closed to the outside world or regions that have very little education.

It is unfair if education and knowledge are only given to children in developed countries. Education must be evenly distributed. Getting knowledge is the right of every human being. And knowledge is the greatest weapon to rule the world.

Javier Dean
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Tugas Softskill Bahasa Inggris

Autobiografi

My name is Javier Dean Pradiptama. Usually people called me Dean I was born on October 7^th, 1999 in Wonogiri. I’m first daughter of Iwan Legawaningtyas and Esti Rahayu. I have one young sister. Her name is Talita Shahla Maharani. I’m Moslem. I live in Depok, West Java.

I started school when I was five years old at Taman Aulia Kindergarten in Depok. After that I get my next study at SDN Tugu 8 in Depok when I was six years old. But, when I’m at four level, I moved to SDN Pekayon 3 in Pekayon, East Jakarta. When I was level four, I got third rank and at level six or final class of Elementary school I got first rank.

My next study at SMPN 103, East Jakarta. Here I got a lot of experience from one of the play groups that until I entered college, the group had not dispersed and always gathered during the semester break. At this school I know the organization. I took part in the organization namely Student Council, I served as a member in the first year, and in the second year I served as chairman of the religious division. When junior high school I also found my hobby, which is playing games and adventure. With the group I told you about before, I got it all, even I had traveled to Yogyakarta without guidance or supervision, how stubborn I was at that time.  At this school, I always play after school and rarely study at night. So, until I graduated from school, I was not an outstanding student.

And then, Senior High School. I attended at SMAN 4 Depok in Sukatani, West Java. Same as when I was at junior high school, I always playing. I also meet friends with the same hobby. it made me never stop. Environmental influences at this stage are very high. Luckily I was introduced to the Spiritual organization of Islam. I joined as a member in the first year and became chairman of the mosque's household division in the second year. Juvenile delinquency when I'm at the second level is not very influential because of the organization. I have to make organizational reports, and the many assignments given by the teacher. Nevertheless, I never forget my hobbies, play games and adventure. Occasionally I spend refreshing time traveling to Puncak Bogor with my organization friends. In the third year, I began to reduce my hobby. I began studying for national exams and other examinations given by school as a graduation requirement.

After I graduated from high school, I continued my studies at Gunadarma University. I majored in Computer Systems. I also joined the organization in the second year as a member of the Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa. At this level, I seem to forget my hobbies, because I also don't find friends with the same hobbies, but lucky me, I still have a play group from friends when I'm in middle school. At this stage I also have to start serious in learning and being successful.

Javier Dean

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Distribusi Binomial

Dalam teori probabilitas dan statistika, distribusi binomial adalah distribusi probabilitas diskret jumlah keberhasilan dalam n percobaan ya/tidak (berhasil/gagal) yang saling bebas, dimana setiap hasil percobaan memiliki probabilitas p. Eksperimen berhasil/gagal juga disebut percobaan bernoulli. Ketika n = 1, distribusi binomial adalah distribusi bernoulli. Distribusi binomial merupakan dasar dari uji binomial dalam uji signifikansi statistik.

Distribusi ini seringkali digunakan untuk memodelkan jumlah keberhasilan pada jumlah sampel n dari jumlah populasi N. Apabila sampel tidak saling bebas (yakni pengambilan sampel tanpa pengembalian), distribusi yang dihasilkan adalah distribusi hipergeometrik, bukan binomial. Semakin besar N daripada n, distribusi binomial merupakan pendekatan yang baik dan banyak digunakan.

Sebagai contoh, sebuah dadu dilempar sepuluh kali dan dihitung berapa jumlah muncul angka empat. Distribusi jumlah acak ini adalah distribusi binomial dengan n = 10 dan p = 1/6.

Contoh lain, sebuah uang logam dilambungkan tiga kali dan dihitung berapa jumlah muncul sisi depan. Distribusi jumlah acak ini merupakan distribusi binomial dengan n = 3 dan p = 1/2.

             Contoh penyelesaian masalah binomial untuk peluang sukses sangat kecil dan jumlah trial yang sangat besar.

Terdapat pada kasus penemuan suatu alat pada abad 19.

Misalkan banyaknya percobaan (n) = 1000 kali, banyaknya sukses dalam n kali percobaan (X) = 1, banyaknya peluang berhasil (P) = ½  dan banyaknya peluang gagal (q) = ½ . Kenapa hanya ½? Karena hanya ada dua kemungkinan yaitu berhasil dan gagal atau peluang percobaan sukses (berhasil) adalah ½ di setiap percobaannya.

maka sesuai rumus didapatkan :

Sumber :

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribusi_binomial

https://www.slideshare.net/alfianmyfian/distribusi-binomial-46712202

https://yos3prens.wordpress.com/2015/02/01/distribusi-binomial/

Peluang bersyarat

Definisi Peluang bersyarat A bila B diketahui dilambangkan dengan P(A|B) dan didefinisikan sebagai :

jika P(B) > 0

Teorema Bayes

Dalam teori probabilitas dan statistika, teorema Bayes adalah sebuah teorema dengan dua penafsiran berbeda. Dalam penafsiran Bayes, teorema ini menyatakan seberapa jauh derajat kepercayaan subjektif harus berubah secara rasional ketika ada petunjuk baru. Dalam penafsiran frekuentis teorema ini menjelaskan representasi invers probabilitas dua kejadian. Teorema ini merupakan dasar dari statistika Bayes dan memiliki penerapan dalam sains, rekayasa, ilmu ekonomi (terutama ilmu ekonomi mikro), teori permainan, kedokteran dan hukum. Penerapan teorema Bayes untuk memperbarui kepercayaan dinamakan inferens Bayes.

Secara umum, teorema Bayes dinyatakan sebagai :

Dalam notasi ini P(A|B) berarti peluang kejadian A bila B terjadi dan P(B|A) peluang kejadian B bila A terjadi.

Misalkan kawan Anda bercerita dia bercakap-cakap akrab dengan seseorang lain di atas kereta api. Tanpa informasi tambahan, peluang dia bercakap-cakap dengan perempuan adalah 50%. Sekarang misalkan kawan Anda menyebut bahwa orang lain di atas kereta api itu berambut panjang. Dari keterangan baru ini tampaknya lebih bolehjadi kawan Anda bercakap-cakap dengan perempuan, karena orang berambut panjang biasanya wanita. Teorema Bayes dapat digunakan untuk menghitung besarnya peluang bahwa kawan Anda berbicara dengan seorang wanita, bila diketahui berapa peluang seorang wanita berambut panjang.

Misalkan:

W adalah kejadian percakapan dilakukan dengan seorang wanita.

L adalah kejadian percakapan dilakukan dengan seorang berambut panjang

M adalah kejadian percakapan dilakukan dengan seorang pria

Kita dapat berasumsi bahwa wanita adalah setengah dari populasi. Artinya peluang kawan Anda berbicara dengan wanita,

P ( W ) = 0,5

Misalkan juga bahwa diketahui 75 persen wanita berambut panjang. Ini berarti bila kita mengetahui bahwa seseorang adalah wanita, peluangnya berambut panjang adalah 0,75. Kita melambangkannya sebagai:

P ( L | W ) = 0,75

Sebagai keterangan tambahan kita juga mengetahui bahwa peluang seorang pria berambut panjang adalah 0,3. Dengan kata lain:

P ( L | M ) = 0,3

Di sini kita mengasumsikan bahwa seseorang itu adalah pria atau wanita, atau P(M) = 1 - P(W) = 0,5. Dengan kata lain M adalah kejadian komplemen dari W.

Tujuan kita adalah menghitung peluang seseorang itu adalah wanita bila diketahui dia berambut panjang, atau dalam notasi yang kita gunakan, P(W|L). Menggunakan teorema Bayes, kita mendapatkan:

Di sini kita menggunakan aturan peluang total. Dengan memasukkan nilai-nilai peluang yang diketahui ke dalam rumus di atas, kita mendapatkan peluang seseorang itu wanita bila diketahui dia berambut panjang adalah 0,714. Angka ini sesuai dengan intuisi awal kita, bahwa peluang kawan kita itu bercakap-cakap dengan wanita meningkat. 

Sumber : 

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorema_Bayes

enistat.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2011/09/Peluang-Bersyarat.ppt

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